A new training method for velopharyngeal dysfunction: Self-inhalation for hypernasality

ObjectiveThere are various methods to treat velopharyngeal dysfunction including surgery and rehabilitation therapy. Even if a rehabilitation program is effective, the evaluation of its efficacy remains subjective. In this paper, we propose a new method of rehabilitation training for velopharyngeal dysfunction focusing on the objective peak inspiratory flow (PIF) rate.MethodsFour patients, who were diagnosed with velopharyngeal dysfunction without cleft palate at ENT clinic of the National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, participated in this study. All patients underwent our original rehabilitation program for velopharyngeal dysfunction, a method using the In-Check Dial, Turbohaler model. As a self-training rehabilitation program, we asked them to inhale forcefully 10 times daily at home using the In-Check Dial to increase the value of PIF rate for 3 months. We measured the patients’ PIF rates with the In-Check Dial at the ENT clinic at the initial visit and after the 3-month training.ResultsThe PIF rates of the four patients without nasal clips were higher than the rates with nasal clips at the initial visit. After the training, PIF rate without a nasal clip of all patients increased than the rate at the initial visit, which represented significant difference (P < 0.05). Also, after 3 months, PIF rate without a nasal clip was higher or equal than the rates with a nasal clip at the initial visit except one case. Naso-pharyngo-laryngeal fiberscopy did not detect salivary pooling around larynx and mirror fogging test did not show nasal escape in the three of four patients after 3 months of training. All reported improvement in dysphagia and dysarthria.ConclusionThis new method can be used not only to evaluate velopharyngeal function but also as an effective self-training treatment.     

AngioJet机械抽栓联合置管溶栓在急性肾动脉栓塞中的应用

目的评价AngioJet机械血栓清除系统联合置管溶栓(CDT)治疗急性肾动脉栓塞(RAE)的效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年6月苏州大学附属第一医院收治的8例急性RAE患者临床资料。所有患者治疗前均经腹部增强CT明确诊断,急诊接受AngioJet机械血栓清除系统抽栓联合CDT治疗,溶栓后24 h复查DSA造影,肾动脉主干及分支血流恢复满意后拔除溶栓导管,否则继续溶栓至48 h,复查造影后拔除溶栓导管。住院期间及出院后均予抗凝治疗,观察出院后1、3、6个月门诊随访结果。结果 8例患者均成功完成AngioJet机械血栓抽吸治疗,复查造影显示肾动脉主干完全再通,肾动脉主要分支仍可见充盈缺损;CDT 24 h后无明显血栓残留和狭窄,拔除溶栓导管。24 h内患者腰痛或腹痛症状明显缓解,住院期间未发生肾脏坏死、脏器出血、死亡等严重并发症。随访至6个月时患者肾动脉血流通畅、肾功能正常。结论 AngioJet机械抽栓联合CDT可迅速清除肾动脉主干及其主要分支动脉血栓形成,快速恢复肾脏血供,治疗急性RAE具有良好的安全性和有效性。     

陈皮水提物指纹图谱的化学计量学分析及与糖尿病认知功能障碍的谱效关系

目的:建立陈皮水提物的HPLC指纹图谱,并研究其与糖尿病大鼠认知功能的谱效关系。方法:采用HPLC建立21批陈皮水提物的指纹图谱,流动相乙腈(A)-0.1%的磷酸(B)梯度洗脱,检测波长270 nm;采用指纹图谱软件中的相似度评价,SPSS 24.0二维聚类分析和SIMCA 14.1主成分分析对结果进行分析;采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ,50 mg·kg^-1)复制糖尿病大鼠模型,模型复制成功后给予陈皮水提物灌胃,定期检测空腹血糖值,诱导第12周Morris水迷宫检测实验大鼠的空间学习记忆能力,灰色关联度分析和偏最小二乘回归分析研究谱效关系。结果:确定了陈皮水提物中25个共有峰,鉴定出5种物质,并且将21个不同品种、产地的陈皮分成了2类;与模型组比较,灌胃陈皮水提物的各组大鼠空腹血糖下降,认知能力得到改善;灰色关联分析及最小偏二乘回归分析谱效关系表明,19,15,4,17,6号峰与糖尿病大鼠认知功能关联性较大。结论:不同品种、产地之间的陈皮水提物存在一定的差异,通过化学计量学可以方便、快捷的对不同产地的陈皮水提取物质进行全面的质量评价,并且陈皮水提物可降低糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖值及改善认知能力,其发挥作用是多种有效成分共同起效的结果,其中19,15,4,17,6号峰是与糖尿病大鼠认知功能密切相关的成分。     

Germline variant burden in multidrug resistance transporters is a therapy-specific predictor of survival in breast cancer patients

Multidrug resistance due to facilitated drug efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is a main cause for failure of cancer therapy. Genetic polymorphisms in ABC genes affect the disposition of chemotherapeutics and constitute important biomarkers for therapeutic response and toxicity. Here we correlated germline variability in ABC transporters with disease-specific survival (DSS) in 960 breast cancer (BRCA), 314 clear cell renal cell carcinoma and 325 hepatocellular carcinoma patients. We find that variant burden in ABCC1 is a strong predictor of DSS in BRCA patients, whereas candidate polymorphisms are not associated with DSS. This association is highly drug-specific for subgroups treated with the MRP1 substrates cyclophosphamide (log-rank p = 0.0011) and doxorubicin (log-rank p = 0.0088) independent of age and tumor stage, whereas no association was found in individuals treated with tamoxifen (log-rank p = 0.13). Structural mapping of significant variants revealed multiple variants at residues involved in protein stability, cofactor stabilization or substrate binding. Our results demonstrate that BRCA patients with high variant burden in ABCC1 are less prone to respond appropriately to pharmacological therapy with MRP1 substrates, thus incentivizing the consideration of genomic germline data for precision cancer medicine.     

经皮肾镜气压弹道超声碎石在肾结石中的效果

目的 B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声联合碎石治疗肾结石的临床效果。方法选择2017年9月-2018年9月医院收治的肾结石患者82例,按照抽签法的要求将其平均分成对照组(41例:B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声治疗)与试验组(41例:输尿管软镜治疗),分析手术时间、住院时间、出血量、结石清除率、结石的残留率。结果试验组的手术时间、住院时间、出血量。优于对照组,数据比较有差异性,P<0.05。对照组的结石清除率高于试验组、结石的残留率低于试验组,相互比较有差异性,P<0.05。结论在肾结石实际治疗期,使用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗方式。     

鼻咽癌放疗导致海马损伤及认知功能障碍研究进展

放射性认知功能障碍是鼻咽癌患者放疗后常见并发症,主要与神经发生障碍、胶质细胞损伤、血管损伤和细胞因子表达异常有关。随着医学的进步,功能磁共振可以提示认知障碍的早期病变,屏蔽海马及药物治疗(美金刚、多奈哌齐、贝伐单抗等)等方法可改善放射性认知障碍。本文总结了放射性认知障碍的发病机制、影像学、放疗剂量学和治疗方法。     

miR-361-5p对肾细胞癌ACHN细胞恶性生物学行为的影响

目的：探讨miR-361-5p对肾细胞癌ACHN细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移、凋亡及其细胞周期的影响。方法：将miR-361-5p mimics和miR-361-5p inhibitor分别转染至肾癌ACHN细胞中，用qPCR检测转染细胞中miR-361-5p的表达水平，用MTT法、划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验、流式细胞术分别检测细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞周期和凋亡水平。结果：与空白对照组和 Mimics-NC组比较，miR-361-5p mimics组ACHN细胞中miR-361-5p表达水平显著升高（P<0.01），细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力均显著减弱（均P<0.01），而凋亡率升高（P<0.01）。与空白对照组或Inhibitor-NC组比较，miR-361-5p inhibitor组细胞中miR-361-5p表达水平显著下降（P<0.01），细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力均增强（均P<0.01），细胞周期运转加速（P<0.01），凋亡率降低（P<0.05）。结论：miR-361-5p可抑制肾癌ACHN细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移，并诱导细胞凋亡，其在肾癌发生发展过程中发挥重要的抑制作用。     

Nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica off-clamp tras la embolización del tumor en sala híbrida frente a nefrectomía parcial convencional: un análisis de pares emparejados por puntuación de propensión

ObjectiveOff-clamp laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in a hybrid operating room after superselective arterial embolization (hLPN) is a promising minimally invasive approach. In this study, we compared the perioperative surgical outcomes of this innovative technique with the conventional standard of care laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (cLPN) technique.Patients and methodsOverall, 86 and 127 patients treated with hLPN and cLPN, respectively, were included. These two techniques were compared in terms of surgical complications, estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, length of stay (LOS), surgical margins, and Trifecta achievement rate (defined as warm ischemia duration < 25 min, negative surgical margins and absence of complications). A propensity score based on age, gender, BMI, preoperative eGFR and tumor size was used for a 1:1 matching of patients of each group. After matching, two groups of 67 patients with similar characteristics were obtained.ResultsConversion rate to open surgery, complications and EBL were similar in both groups. Conversely, operative time, LOS and Trifecta rates favored hLPN. The multivariate analysis showed that hLPN had a 70% higher chance of Trifecta achievement than cLPN in all age groups and for all tumor size across the study population.ConclusionCompared to a conventional approach, off-clamp laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in a hybrid room after superselective arterial embolization showed satisfying immediate surgical outcomes and reached a higher rate of Trifecta achievement. Mid and long-term functional and oncological results are needed to establish this minimally invasive surgical alternative.